According to national development projections, Rwanda's per capita income is expected to rise to USD 12,476 (over Rwf 17 million) by 2050, supported by rapid economic growth, increased productivity, and stronger social protection systems.
Unemployment is forecast to drop sharply to 0.05 percent from 7 percent in 2035, while universal access to water, electricity, and improved social services is expected to significantly increase national living standards and life expectancy to at least 73 years.
Kigali population growth driving infrastructure demand
The 2022 national census estimated Kigali's population at 1.7 million, a figure projected to more than double to 3.8 million by 2050. This population growth is shaping a comprehensive city development master plan that focuses on expanding affordable and modern housing, upgrading public transport and mobility systems, developing improved economic hubs and commercial districts, and protecting green spaces through environmentally sustainable planning.
The master plan also identifies strategic zones for investment, including Nyarugenge CBD, Remera, Kimironko, Gahanga, Nyabugogo, and Muhima, each earmarked for specific economic and cultural roles.
Transformation of Nyarugenge CBD
The Central Business District, home to major commercial towers such as M-Peace Plaza and KCT, is set for a significant upgrade to strengthen its role as Rwanda's prime financial and business hub. The development will expand pedestrian-only zones and enhance urban aesthetics, redesign roundabouts to incorporate gardens, walkways, and improved traffic flow, and create new cultural spaces, including an arts complex near Sainte-Famille.
Additionally, the historic Quartier Matheus commercial area will be modernised while preserving its heritage architecture. New pedestrian corridors will link the CBD to Muhima and Nyabugogo, integrating retail, tourism, cultural activities, and green spaces to create a more vibrant and connected city centre.
Nyabugogo to become a modern regional transport gateway
Nyabugogo, one of the region's busiest terminals connecting passengers from Rwanda and neighbouring countries, will undergo a major redesign to ease congestion and meet international service standards.
Plans include developing a modern bus terminal with enhanced commuter services, transforming the surrounding wetland into an urban park that integrates transit routes, landscaping, commercial facilities, and pedestrian pathways.
In addition, Mpazi Park will be constructed as a mixed-use recreation and business zone featuring sports facilities, green spaces, and commercial amenities. New housing projects in Muhima are also planned to provide affordable urban accommodation for local residents, further supporting inclusive urban growth.
Remera and Kimironko to strengthen sports and retail economy
Remera, known for Amahoro Stadium, BK Arena, and several key institutions, is set to become Kigali's primary sports, entertainment, and cultural hub. Investments will include new commercial developments, multi-storey parking solutions to reduce congestion around Gisimenti, and cultural centres, libraries, and event venues integrated with business facilities.
Meanwhile, Kimironko Market, one of the city's busiest traditional markets, will be upgraded alongside its local transport terminal to balance modern retail facilities with the preservation of traditional trading culture, ensuring that the market meets the demands of a growing urban population.
Gahanga positioned as new business and innovation zone
Gahanga, located in Kicukiro District and strategically positioned along the route to Bugesera International Airport, is planned as a major innovation and commercial zone to attract both domestic and foreign investment. The developments will include technology and innovation parks, green commercial centers connected through pedestrian networks, and new museums, arts centers, hotels, and leisure facilities.
Mixed-use residential developments will be integrated with business and recreational services to create a cohesive urban environment. The nearby Gikondo Exhibition Zone will also be modernised to host large-scale international conferences and expos, complemented by hotels, business services, and green recreational areas.
Kigali's 2050 Master Plan reflects Rwanda's broader strategy to develop a competitive city that supports business growth while maintaining environmental sustainability and social inclusiveness.
With major investments in mobility, housing, commercial zones, and cultural infrastructure, Kigali is being positioned as a central economic hub for East Africa and a model for modern urban development across the continent.
IGIHE
