The African Development Bank (AfDB) has been a driving force in Rwanda's development since 1994, with a focus on infrastructure projects that support the country's long-term growth.
By 2023, the AfDB had invested over $2.9 billion in various sectors, with the lion's share directed toward infrastructure. The transport sector, in particular, has been a major beneficiary of this funding.
AfDB's contributions have reshaped Rwanda's transport infrastructure, fueling economic growth and contributing to the country's national development goals.
In collaboration with the Rwanda Transport Development Agency (RTDA), the AfDB has played a pivotal role in modernizing the country's transport network, aligning with Rwanda's Vision 2050 to enhance regional integration and establish the country as a key player in East Africa.
One of the AfDB's significant impacts has been in road infrastructure, funding the construction and rehabilitation of over 300 kilometers of roads across Rwanda. These efforts have greatly improved connectivity, particularly in rural areas, facilitating trade and access to services.
The AfDB's support also extended to other vital infrastructure projects, including two ports, two cross-border markets, 10 milk collection centers, 42 classrooms, three multifunctional women's centers, and 10 water boreholes. These contributions have created a more interconnected and accessible country, with wide-reaching socio-economic benefits.
The economic and regional effects of these investments have been profound. Improved road conditions have reduced vehicle operating costs, and travel times have been shortened, particularly at border crossings, where waiting times have dropped from seven hours to just one.
This has led to an increase in regional trade within the East African Community (EAC), which saw trade exchanges rise to $ 960 million by 2020. Additionally, the rural accessibility rate has risen from 50% to nearly 80%, bringing remote communities closer to markets, healthcare, and educational services.
The social impact of the AfDB-funded projects is equally significant. Over 120,000 temporary jobs were created during the construction phase, with substantial participation from youth and women.
These employment opportunities were complemented by extensive sensitization programs on road safety, environmental conservation, and public health, reaching over 229,000 people. Such initiatives have empowered local communities with the knowledge and skills needed for safer, more sustainable practices.
Moreover, the projects have contributed to education, women's empowerment, and local economic growth. The infrastructure, including schools and women's centers, has bolstered the education system and fostered gender equality.
Rural infrastructure improvements have also supported local economies, increasing access to essential markets and services.
Institutionally, these projects have helped build the capacity of the RTDA, enabling the agency to more effectively plan, monitor, and enforce road safety measures. Capacity-building programs and socio-economic studies have strengthened the country's ability to manage and sustain its transport infrastructure.
'These efforts have boosted economic growth, reduced poverty, and facilitated regional integration,' says Imena Munyampenda, Director General of RTDA. 'Additionally, AfDB projects have promoted gender inclusion through community programs, enhanced road safety, and prioritized sustainability.
The technical assistance provided by AfDB has strengthened RTDA's capacity to manage complex infrastructure projects, which aligns with Rwanda's vision of resilient and inclusive development.'
In recent years, the AfDB has funded six key transport projects in Rwanda, including the Rusiziâ"Bugarama, Crete Congo-Nilâ"Ntendezi, Cyanguguâ"Ntendeziâ"Mwityazo, Rubavuâ"Gisiza, Baseâ"Gicumbiâ"Rukomo, and Kagitumbaâ"Kayonzaâ"Rusumo roads.
These projects have enhanced regional connectivity, facilitated trade, and furthered Rwanda's integration within the broader East African region. According to Munyampenda, the completion of these projects marked a transformative milestone for the country's transport sector.
'Each of these projects plays a critical role in fostering regional integration and enhancing connectivity, which is essential for socio-economic development across Rwanda and the EAC. Together, they have revolutionized Rwanda's transport infrastructure, strengthening the country's position as a regional trade hub,' he says.
Accessibility has greatly improved, with 79.73% of rural roads now accessible compared to just 50% previously. This has empowered rural communities and facilitated better access to markets, healthcare, and education.
Munyampenda further emphasizes that the AfDB's technical assistance has enhanced RTDA's ability to manage complex infrastructure projects. This support has improved procurement processes, integrated climate-resilient designs into road construction, and fostered a culture of sustainability.
These projects not only serve current needs but are also designed with the future in mind, ensuring long-term viability.
Moving forward, the RTDA's plans, aligned with Rwanda's National Strategy for Transformation (NST2), focus on expanding and upgrading the national road network, enhancing rural accessibility, and promoting green transport solutions.
Through its ongoing partnership with the RTDA, the AfDB is helping to create a modern, efficient, and inclusive transport network, driving sustainable growth and enhancing Rwanda's competitiveness within the region.
IGIHE