Under the new system, students will no longer choose from the existing 11 subject combinations. Instead, they will follow one of three broad "learning pathways": Mathematics and Science, Arts and Humanities, or Languages.
This change, presented during the second day of the National Education Conference, on June 20, 2025, is part of broader efforts to align the country's education system with Rwanda's Vision 2050.
'All existing subject combinations will be organized under these three pathways,' the Minister of Education, Nsengimana Joseph said. 'This change is part of our broader vision to equip students with knowledge and skills to make informed choices, whether they continue to university or enter the job market [after secondary school].'
'We're working closely with schools during the summer holidays to assess their readiness. There will be no surprises,' the minister added.
The reform aims to ensure students graduate with skills that meet labor market demands, both locally and internationally, while fostering a knowledge-based economy.
Previously, after completing the Ordinary Level and passing national exams, students would select from 11 subject combinations within general education or opt for technical and vocational training.
The revised approach will simplify this by offering just three clearly defined tracks, each focusing on a specific cluster of knowledge and competencies.
The Ministry emphasized that although students will choose from the three new pathways, certain core subjects will be mandatory for all, regardless of their specialization.
These include Mathematics, English, ICT (Information and Communication Technology), and Entrepreneurship. The rationale is to equip every student with essential skills for further education or employment.
The reform process involved consultation with over 5,500 stakeholders, including students, parents, teachers, school leaders, and local leaders.
According to the Ministry, the shift to learning pathways will not only simplify implementation but also improve quality.
While the reform will be rolled out gradually to avoid disruption, students currently enrolled in the existing combinations will not be affected as they will complete their studies under the current framework.
Similarly, past graduates with diplomas based on previous subject combinations will continue to have their qualifications recognized.
IGIHE
