The procedure, known as Intra-Uterine Fetal Transfusion (IUFT), was carried out to treat fetal anemia caused by insufficient blood, particularly low red blood cells.
If left untreated, this condition could lead to fetal death or premature delivery in the early stages of pregnancy.
Dr. Nshimiyumuremyi Emmanuel, a maternal-fetal medicine specialist at CHUK, explained that the problem arose from a blood type mismatch between the mother and the fetus.
The mother had blood type O-, while the fetus had Rh-positive blood. This mismatch caused the mother's immune system to produce antibodies that attacked the fetus's blood, leading to anemia.
The pregnant woman, who was seven months along, initially sought care at a health center but was referred to a district hospital. Upon further examination, it was discovered that the fetus had low blood levels, necessitating intervention at CHUK.
Upon arrival at CHUK, an ultrasound confirmed that the fetus was indeed anemic. Further tests revealed the mother's blood type and the cause of the immune reaction.
Normally, women with Rh-negative blood receive medication after childbirth to prevent future immune responses. However, in this case, the woman had not received the medication, possibly due to an oversight during her previous delivery.
Given the urgency of the situation and the rarity of the procedure in Rwanda, the medical team decided to proceed with the transfusion, using blood that matched the mother's type. This prevented her immune system from attacking the fetus's blood.
"The procedure was successful, and the fetus is doing well," said Dr. Nshimiyumuremyi. "We will continue monitoring the baby and provide further transfusions until birth to ensure a safe delivery."
He also stressed the importance of early screening for pregnant women, including checking for blood type compatibility with the fetus, and taking immediate action if issues arise.
"Blood transfusions in the womb are rare in Rwanda and the region. This breakthrough demonstrates our medical progress and underscores the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in saving lives," he noted.
During the procedure, specialized needles were used to inject blood directly into the fetal bloodstream, a delicate and precise task.
Dr. Nshimiyumuremyi assured that the blood transfused was of the universal O- type, ensuring no adverse effects for the fetus.
He urged expectant mothers to undergo early prenatal check-ups, including blood type tests, to ensure compatibility with their babies and called on healthcare workers to quickly refer mothers with Rh-negative blood to higher-level facilities for further care.
IGIHE
