However, the environmental impact of mining, including land degradation, water pollution, and biodiversity loss, has become a pressing concern. A recent national dialogue focused on the importance of integrating sustainability into mining practices to ensure long-term economic and environmental stability.
The dialogue, attended by key stakeholders, emphasized that mining, while beneficial, poses serious environmental risks. Faustin Vuningoma, the Coordinator of the Rwanda Climate Change and Development Network (RCCDN), highlighted the need to align mining policies with climate change goals.
'Mining must not only drive economic growth but also respect environmental limits,' Faustin said, stressing the importance of ensuring that mining activities contribute to sustainable development without compromising the health of ecosystems or the well-being of local communities.
Key environmental issues such as destruction of habitats due to mining and clearing large areas of forest, disrupt biodiversity and reduces carbon sequestration. Additionally, mining activities can lead to soil erosion, water contamination, and the depletion of resources that are essential for local agriculture.
Thus, there is need of conducting thorough environmental impact assessments for all mining projects. These assessments can help identify potential risks to the environment and local communities before mining begins.
The government must ensure that these are rigorous, comprehensive, and enforced.
According to Faustin Munyazikwiye, Deputy Director General of the Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA), the assessments should be followed by strict monitoring throughout the life of the project.
'Effective monitoring is essential to ensure that companies adhere to environmental guidelines and mitigate risks because effective environmental governance is crucial.' he said.
'We need to strengthen environmental regulations to ensure that all stakeholders remain accountable for their impact of mining on the environment. Rehabilitation of mining sites and the restoration of ecosystems that have been affected by mining activities is paramount,' Munyazikwiye stated.
He emphasized that land restoration should be mandatory after mining operations have concluded, but sometimes companies should be not responsible for the long-term health of the environment.
Dzapasi Mashizha, a Mineral Processing Expert at the Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board (RMB), noted that mining practices must evolve to address these challenges.
'Technologies that reduce the environmental impact of mining, such as water recycling and cleaner energy solutions, are essential to minimizing the sector's footprint,' Mashizha explained.
He advised mining companies need to invest in innovative technologies that promote resource efficiency and environmental protection.
According to experts like Mashizha, community engagement is a critical factor for sustainable mining.
'Local communities must be educated about their obligations and the environmental risks of mining. And also be given a voice in decisions that affect their livelihoods and the local environment in general.' he said.
As it stands, there is need for policy reform to better align mining practices with environmental and climate change objectives by reviewing Rwanda's 2010 mining policy to ensure it reflects the country's current environmental goals.
'We need a policy framework that supports the integration of environmental and climate change considerations into all aspects of mining. This will help ensure that the benefits of mining are sustainable for future generations,' Munyazikwiye said.
Overall, sustainable mining practices are essential for Rwanda's continued economic development. By implementing effective environmental regulations, adopting cleaner technologies, and engaging local communities in decision-making, the country can ensure that its mining sector contributes to both economic prosperity and environmental conservation.
Sam K Nkurunziza
