The biennial summit, running from Monday, October 21, 2024, to Saturday, October 26, 2024, will address critical global issues such as climate change, economic cooperation, and sustainable development while also strengthening diplomatic ties among Commonwealth nations.
A host of world leaders, including President Kagame and Britain's King Charles III and Queen Camilla, have already arrived in Samoa for the high-level forum.
This is the first CHOGM to be held in a Pacific Small Island Developing State.
As Samoa takes the spotlight, here are key facts that showcase its unique culture, history, and tourism potential:
1. Location and Population
The Samoa Islands are located in the South Pacific, approximately 15,000 kilometers from Rwanda. The islands are positioned halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand. The country has a population of about 220,000 people.
2. Twin Islands
Samoa is made up of two main islands, Upolu and Savai'i, along with several smaller islets. The more populous of the two, Upolu is home to the capital city of Apia and offers a mix of urban and rural experiences. In contrast, Savai'i is known for its rugged landscapes, volcanic peaks, and pristine beaches, making it a popular destination for nature lovers and adventure seekers.
3. Political Entities
The Samoa Islands consist of two political entities: the Independent State of Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) and American Samoa, a U.S. territory.
4. Independence
Samoa was a German colony from 1899 to 1914 and was then administered by New Zealand until achieving independence in 1962. This marked a significant milestone for Samoa, allowing the country to chart its own course.
5. Date Line Shift
In 2011, Samoa shifted its position across the International Date Line, skipping an entire day to better align with its primary trading partners, New Zealand and Australia. In doing this, the country essentially moved its clocks forward by 25 hours.
6. Deepest Ocean Trench
The Tonga Trench, the world's deepest ocean trench, lies just north of Samoa. It reaches a depth of over 10,000 meters (33,000 feet), making it the deepest point in the ocean. This trench is crucial for scientific research, providing insights into the Earth's geological processes and marine life.
7. Mataafa Island
Samoa's Mataafa Island is a popular tourist destination known for its pristine beaches, snorkeling, and cultural experiences. The stunning white-sand beaches and crystal-clear waters are ideal for swimming, snorkeling, and diving. Visitors can experience traditional Samoan culture, including village visits, fire-walking ceremonies, and kava ceremonies.
8. Traditional Tattooing (Tatau)
Samoa is famous for its traditional tattooing practice, known as "tatau," which involves intricate patterns carved into the skin. The tattooing process is time-consuming and often takes multiple days to complete.
Tatau is more than just body art; it holds deep cultural significance, representing a person's lineage, status, and personal journey.
9. Rugby Powerhouse
Samoa has consistently performed well in international rugby competitions, earning a reputation as a formidable team. In rugby sevens, Samoa has achieved notable success, including winning the World Rugby Sevens Series in 2009-2010 and competing regularly in the Rugby World Cup Sevens and the Commonwealth Games.
Samoan players are known for their physicality, speed, and flair, making the country a respected force in the sport.
10. Language Diversity
In Samoa, the Samoan language is divided into two primary dialects: High Samoan (T-Style) and Low Samoan (K-Style). Both dialects share a common linguistic foundation but differ in vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar.
High Samoan is typically used in formal settings such as religious ceremonies, speeches, or official texts, while Low Samoan is more common in everyday conversation. The choice between these dialects may also vary regionally, with some areas favouring one over the other based on cultural and contextual factors.
11. Polynesian Culture
Samoa is often referred to as the "cradle of Polynesia," with a rich cultural heritage known as "fa'a Samoa" that emphasizes community, family, and respect for elders.
12. Religion
Samoa is a highly religious country, with over 98% of the population identifying as Christian. Attending church is a vital part of Samoan life.
13. Robert Louis Stevenson
The famous Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson spent his final years in Samoa. His residence, Villa Vailima, is now a museum and a major tourist attraction.
14. Fa'afafine Tradition
Samoa recognizes a third gender known as "fa'afafine," a respected identity that blends both male and female traits, playing an important role in Samoan culture.
15. Currency
Samoa's currency is the Samoan tālā (WST), while American Samoa uses the US dollar (USD).
16. Fale
Fales are traditional Samoan homes characterized by their open-sided structures and thatched roofs, creating a cool and airy living environment. Beyond being residences, fales also serve as important community gathering places where people come together to socialize, share stories, and perform traditional dances, fostering a strong sense of community and cultural heritage.
17. Kava Ceremony
Kava is a traditional drink made from the roots of the kava plant, which are chewed and mixed with water to produce a frothy beverage.
The kava ceremony holds great significance in Samoan culture, serving as a social and ceremonial event that welcomes guests, resolves disputes, and celebrates special occasions, reinforcing community bonds and cultural traditions.
18. Samoan Fruit Bat (National Animal)
The Samoan fruit bat, known locally as pe'a, is the national animal of Samoa and is classified as an endangered species. It plays a crucial role in the ecosystem by pollinating plants and dispersing seeds.
Culturally, the fruit bat holds significant importance in Samoan society, making its protection a priority for conservation efforts. The preservation of this species reflects the broader commitment to safeguarding the unique biodiversity of Samoa.
19. National Park of American Samoa
The National Park of American Samoa is the only U.S. national park located south of the equator. It features coral reefs, rainforests, and volcanic peaks, making it a popular destination for nature lovers.
20. Climate
Samoa enjoys a tropical climate, with warm temperatures year-round. The dry season runs from May to October, which is an ideal time for tourism. Cyclones can occur between November and April.
Samoa's blend of natural beauty, rich culture, and modern conveniences makes it an exciting destination for CHOGM 2024 attendees and tourists alike. With its relaxed island lifestyle and deep-rooted traditions, Samoa promises to offer an unforgettable experience.
Wycliffe Nyamasege
